面向智慧知识服务的科技文献大数据体系建设     

吴振新  钱力  谢靖  常志军  许丽媛  赵艳 《图书情报工作》2021,64(24):63-72

[目的/意义] 探索构建文献情报大数据知识资源体系，支撑面向多领域的智慧知识服务。[方法/过程] 基于AI应用需求，借鉴业界经验，梳理现有资源体系的问题，从多层次多维度扩展资源体系；构建可靠数据处理流程和计算平台，支持高效数据采集和处理；研发智能化数据治理工具，实现知识资源的有效治理，确保提供高质量数据资源。[结果/结论] 已初步形成覆盖多类型、多学科的科技文献大数据知识资源体系，构建完成高度自动化的数据采集治理流程，实施多重数据质量控制，积累数亿高质量数据，且为多个知识服务提供数据支撑。  相似文献   

改革开放40年来体能相关研究的知识图谱分析     

赵李 《体育科技文献通报》2020,(5):131-135

本文运用CiteSpace V可视化应用软件,以"体能"为研究主题从CNKI数据库中16本体育核心期刊发表的文献中检索出1979-2018年中977篇文献作为研究数据,绘制体能研究领域的知识图谱,并分析我国体能领域研究的现状和研究的热点。结果显示:本研究领域呈抛物线走势,2010年开始缓慢下降;体能、体能训练、二元训练理论和项群理论一直是众多学者关注的重点;国内学术研究团体逐渐形成,重要作者有茅鹏、曹景伟、张洪潭、袁运平等作者;体育类院校是该领域重要研究力量。  相似文献   

基于专利引用跨越度计量的两国间间接创新合作机会发现     

李睿  青杨媚  范九江 《图书情报工作》2021,64(23):31-39

[目的/意义] 两个国家间的创新合作机会有些是显性直接的，有些是潜在间接的。在此试图构建一种计量和分析专利引用关系的方法，用于发现两国间潜在的间接创新合作机会。[方法/过程] 全球价值链上不同环节专利之间的引用关系中，蕴含着相互衔接、配套的间接合作关系，而不同环节的专利通常具有不同的功能，即IPC存在一定跨越度。因此，设计"专利引用跨越度"指标及算法，用于计量和筛选专利引用网络中"引用跨越度"达到预设阈值的专利引用关系，作为发现间接创新合作机会的基础数据。以新加坡在中国获得授权的发明专利为样本，基于专利引用跨越度计量并配合人工解读和识别，发现中新两国间一系列的间接创新合作机会。[结果/结论] 基于专利引用跨越度计量的两国间间接创新合作机会发现的方法，被实验检验为有效。  相似文献   

基于二模复杂网络的隐性知识发现方法研究——以潜在药物靶点挖掘为例     

李东巧  陈芳  韩涛  杨艳萍  王学昭  王燕鹏  Cynthia Liu  Yingzhu Li 《图书情报工作》2020,64(21):120-129

[目的/意义] 通过构建二模复杂网络模型，揭示隐藏在海量文献中的隐性知识。[方法/过程] 通过NetworkX复杂网络工具包，依据任意两个节点的共现关系构建二模复杂网络模型；对网络模型中节点的共现关系进行加权，计算网络的拓扑信息并进行AP聚类，提取节点间的直接关系；采用AUC方法对AA、JC、加权改进的wAA和wJC等4种链路预测算法进行评价，遴选出最合适的预测算法，并对复杂网络的隐性关系进行预测分析。[结果/结论] 以潜在药物靶点挖掘为例进行的实证研究结果表明，wAA链路预测算法为最优的链路预测算法；二模复杂网络模型、指标和方法体系在美国化学文摘社数据库中的药物靶点挖掘中具有一定的有效性。下一步计划在其他数据库中或其他研究领域中进行尝试，以进一步验证该模型的通用性和有效性。  相似文献   

Performative technologies and teacher subjectivities: A conceptual framework     

Hans Englund  Jonas Gerdin 《British Educational Research Journal》2019,45(3):502-517

Critical educational literature suggests that an increased reliance upon performative technologies is currently transforming the very foundations from which teacher subjectivities are constructed. Arguably though, the number of studies pointing to this risk or tendency is considerably larger than the ones theorising why this should be the case. Further, in those cases where the relationship between performative technologies and teacher subjectivities is theorised, the psychological mechanisms that the technologies appeal to are seldom brought to the fore. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to theorise the psychological mechanisms that performative technologies appeal to and work through, by means of identifying, systematising and elaborating extant understandings of such mechanisms in the critical educational literature. The results are presented in the form of a conceptual framework (referred to as the CMIS-framework) which suggests that one and the same performative technology may play many different roles, where each such role appeals to and works through a particular psychological mechanism. Importantly, depending on the type of psychological mechanism that is appealed to, the CMIS-framework suggests that this will lead to teachers (un)consciously conducting particular forms of subjectivising work upon themselves, here referred to as compliance, mirroring, identification and self-realisation (CMIS).  相似文献   

基于知识图谱的我国公共体育服务研究可视化分析     

易军 《吉林体育学院学报》2020,(1):21-29

以中国知网所收录的2007年至2017间核心期刊中有关公共体育服务文献题录作为分析数据样本,对所搜集到的254篇文献进行可视化分析。借助CiteSpace V软件,运用文献计量学方法与内容分析方法,结果表明:近十年我国公共体育服务研究经历了波浪式增长与急速增长两个阶段,研究主题紧密结合国家政策战略,在不断调整中推动了公共体育服务的发展。主要特征体现在始终服务于国家宏观政策方针,顺应了政府职能转变下对体育发展改革的时代需求;以“体育管理、公共服务”为核心的研究主题始终贯穿,主动融入政策响应的研究诉求强烈,人民美好生活中体育需求的关照不足;整个研究过程充满了动态性与局限性。未来研究应坚持与国家公共服务政策相伴相生,形成开放性反馈研究系统;注重公共体育服务研究的政策引领和政策的事后绩效评估;打造学术共同体,提升公共体育服务研究成果在政策咨询和智库建设中的作用。  相似文献   

Professional knowledge or motivation? Investigating the role of teachers’ expertise on the quality of technology-enhanced lesson plans     

《Learning and Instruction》2020

In an expertise study with 94 mathematics teachers varying in their relative teacher expertise (i.e., student teachers, trainee teachers, in-service teachers), we examined effects of teachers' professional knowledge and motivational beliefs on their ability to integrate technology within a lesson plan scenario. Therefore, we assessed teachers' professional knowledge (i.e., content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, technological knowledge), and their motivational beliefs (i.e., self-efficacy, utility-value). Furthermore, teachers were asked to develop a lesson plan for introducing the Pythagorean theorem to secondary students. Lesson plans by advanced teachers (i.e., trainee teachers, in-service teachers) comprised higher levels of instructional quality and technology exploitation than the ones of novice teachers (i.e., pre-service teachers). The effect of expertise was mediated by teachers' perceived utility-value of educational technology, but not by their professional knowledge. These findings suggest that teachers’ motivational beliefs play a crucial role for effectively applying technology in mathematics instruction.  相似文献   

一种基于图卷积自编码模型的多维度学科知识网络融合方法     

李慧  胡吉霞 《图书情报工作》2020,64(18):114-125

[目的/意义] 针对包含单一类型知识单元的知识网络难以全面反映学科知识结构的问题，提出一种从多维度进行知识网络结构融合的方法，为学科领域知识结构挖掘提供借鉴。[方法/过程] 利用LDA及TF-IDF方法抽取学科知识单元，然后运用语义相似度和关键词共现分析方法构建3个学科知识子网络：主题网络、关键词网络和实体网络，并采用空间节点传递对齐方法对齐子网络节点，接着设计基于图卷积操作的自编码模型对知识节点进行表示，最后通过计算余弦相似度重构学科知识网络。[结果/结论] 实验部分以人工智能领域为例，构建融合主题、关键词和实体的学科知识网络并展开分析，实验结果表明，本文所提方法能有效地揭示学科领域研究内容和知识结构，为学科知识发现与组织研究提供有益参考。  相似文献   

科学解释在知识创新中的作用     

任晓明 《广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2002,38(2):6-8

科学解释是科学家用科学规律来消解自然之谜的知识创新活动，它在知识创新中的作用表现在：第一，科学解释具有预测未知现象的存在中未来事态发展趋势的功能；第二，它在建构新颖理论体系的过程中起着特别重要的作用。  相似文献   

Medieval and renaissance glass technology in Valdelsa (Florence). Part 1: raw materials, sands and non-vitreous finds     

U. Casellato  F. Fenzi  P. Guerriero  S. Sitran  P. A. Vigato  U. Russo  M. Galgani  M. Mendera  A. Manasse 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2003,4(4):337-353

A significant number of archaeological finds of the 13th–16th century from the Tuscan sites of Germagnana and Gambassi in Valdelsa—FI, was studied by different physico-chemical investigations (SEM–EDS, ICP, Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, XRF, TG-DTA) in order to contribute to clarify the production methodology and the pre-industrial glass manufacture technology. The studied samples are mainly non-vitreous finds as production waste, refractory materials, crucibles and raw materials; also vitreous finds as frits, skims, glasses (glass masses, glass working waste and finished products) have been taken into consideration. The obtained petrographic and physico-chemical data strongly suggest that both Gambassi and Germagnana glass manufactures were strictly connected with the sources of vitrifiable materials, situated in Tuscan sand quarries. In particular a comparison between sands from the neighbouring quarries and appropriate finds of the two archaeological sites evidences that the employed vitrifiable materials possibly belong to La Casina La Cava resort. The archaeological classification, based on macroscopic observation and stratigraphic position, was compared and verified with the scientific classification of the examined finds of Germagnana and Gambassi sites based on their composition, morphology and physico-chemical properties.  相似文献